The critical infrastructure
Furthermore, the critical infrastructure supporting every economic activity in India is fully dependent on the power sector; the dependence of this sector on ICT has highlighted several cybersecurity challenges. It is estimated that the period from 1994 to 2004 witnessed around 60 percent of all cyberattacks on the automatic power grids in India (Kumar et al. 2013). More recently, Innovation and Research Company in Australia
on July 30 and 31 2012, northern India witnessed a severe blackout that affected nearly 670 million people’s normal life and work (Shuran et al. 2013), damaging all services in the region, including road traffic and railways. Chaos broke out on the roads as traffic lights and systems that supported them stopped working, with the police unable to cope with the 7 situation. Digital Transformation Company in Australia
Simultaneously, there were reports of devastating fires and explosions in major refineries, with extensive damage and loss of life, all while pipelines were ruptured and oil flow was disrupted (IDSA 2012). Defence and Cybersecurity India has an extensive defence industrial base and maintains the third-largest armed forces in the world (KPMG 2010). At the same time, it has linked its defence sector with the new technologies, in the process opening the country up to a set of ever-evolving threats due to a dependence on these technologies and the reliance on integrating networks. For instance, in 2012 a cyberattack was launched by hackers against the Indian Navy’s eastern command computer systems which oversee the testing of India’s ballistic missile submarines and maritime activities in the South China Sea. The naval computers were infected by a virus that secretly collected confidential documents and files and transmitted them to Chinese IP addresses
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